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Heavy periods, in which a lot of blood is lost, are common but can seriously affect a woman's life.
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They may be normal or easily explained by hormones, but you should see a doctor if they suddenly become irregular, if they are very close together or far apart (less than 21 days or more than 35 days), or if the periods last longer than a week. Irregular periods happen when the length of your menstrual cycle changes. See your doctor if the pain is severe or is suddenly different from what is normal for you, as it can be a sign of endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease. The pain is usually felt as cramps in the abdomen and is caused by the muscular wall of the womb tightening and temporarily cutting off oxygen. Period pain is common and most women experience it at some time in their life. So when should you be concerned about your period?
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Public Health England's research has revealed nearly half of women – 48 per cent – say they struggle with menstrual issues such as heavy or irregular periods.
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'Stress can worsen PMS symptoms and increase levels of the hormone cortisol, which, in turn, could be associated with an increased release of progesterone, which has been linked to the occurrence of PMS symptoms.' Instead, the researchers suggest that access to green space may reduce stress, whiich in turn may reduce PMS symptoms.ĭr Kai Triebner, lead author of the study, added: 'Three of the four symptoms that improved with exposure to green space were psychological, which is consistent with what we already knew: contact with nature helps to reduce stress and improve mental health. While previous research has suggested that green spaces may be linked with increased physical activity and decreased exposure to air pollution, this new study did not find a mediatory role for either of these factors. 'Our research therefore underscores the importance of long-term exposure to green space, which is where benefits against PMS symptoms were found.' Meanwhile, the team collected data on the women's neighbourhoods, including their distance to green space and exposure to air pollution, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10).Īn analysis of the data revealed that women living in neighbourhoods with more green space were less likely to experience four of the PMS symptoms - anxiety, depression, difficulty sleeping, and breast tenderness or abdominal bloating.ĭr Nadvand said: 'When we looked at exposure to green space at a specific point in time, the analysis did not yield any significant results.Īn analysis of the data revealed that women living in neighbourhoods with more green space were less likely to experience four of the PMS symptoms - anxiety, depression, difficulty sleeping, and breast tenderness or abdominal bloating (stock image) The women were also asked whether they experienced any of the eight most common PMS symptoms - irritability, anxiety, tearfulness or increased sensitivity, depression, difficulty sleeping, abdominal pain, breast tenderness or abdominal bloating, and headaches. They collected data from more than 1,000 women aged 18-49 living in Norway and Sweden, including questionnaires on their lifestyle, physical activity and reproductive health. In the study, the researchers set out to understand whether living near urban green space could have a beneficial effect against PMS symptoms.